The covered part in the front of the locomotive which protects the engineer and the fireman, and shields the levers, etc.Ī base plate in the cab made of metal to protect it from fire.Ī car attached to the rear of a freight train fitted up for the accomodation of the conductor, brakeman, and chance passengers.Ī fender or resiliant pad or block, placed on the end of a platform of a car bed to moderate the concussion of colliding cars. That portion of a brake which is brought in contact with the object whose motion is to be restrained.Ī person who operates, inspects, or repairs brakes, especially a railroad employee who assists the conductor and checks on the operation of a train's brakes. The boiler for raising steam may be called a steam-generator.Ī contrivance for stopping the motion of a car-wheel by friction applied thereto. The process was patented by Henry Bessemer in 1855.Īn explosive powder consisting of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal.Ī person who forges objects of iron, including items essential to the building of a railroad, such as rail spikes.Ī powder for blasting purposes composed of various forms of carbon and metallic salts.Ī closed vessel in which water (or other fluid) is heated. Steel produced by an industrial process in which impurities are removed by forcing a blast of air through molten iron. Newcomen's engine was the first effective steam-engine.Ī shaft or rod on which a wheel is placed. It was improved by Thomas Newcomen, 1705, and James Watt, 1769.

Invented as the 'digester' by Denis Papin of Blois, France, in 1695. We're also on Facebook & Google+.A Glossary of 19th Century Railroad Terms abutmentĪ fixed point or surface, affording a relatively immovable object against which a body abuts or presses while resisting or moving in a contrary direction, for example, an end arch of a bridge. 'My guess is that there’s probably something that's changed the frontal lobes are extremely important for social behavior and higher cognitive function.'įollow Life's Little Mysteries on Twitter llmysteries. 'With Phineas Gage, also wasn't apparent immediately,' she said. She says that before Leite has undergone in-depth testing, it will remain unclear whether his accident damaged a region that handled a cognitive faculty, such as strategy planning, that isn't called up during bedside conversation. In her work, Hamberger uses electro-stimulation to map non-eloquent regions in patients’ brains before they undergo neurosurgery, in order to plan surgical routes that will minimize long-term functional decline.

'Sometimes someone can seem functionally intact, but when you actually do some testing, there may be more of an effect than is obvious.' 'Even the fact that he doesn't seem to be bothered by it could be the effect of a frontal lesion, because most people would be bothered by that,' she told Life's Little Mysteries. According to Hamberger, even the impressively stiff upper lip that Leite seems to be keeping might be a sign of mental changes wrought by his brain injury. But despite Leite's doctors' heartening reports, Marla Hamberger, an associate professor of clinical neuropsychology at the Neurological Institute of New York, isn't convinced that he will emerge from his ordeal with a totally unchanged personality.

Guy with railroad spike in head